30 Years of the CTBT: ‘Legally Ineffective, Yet Politically Effective’
On September 10, 2026, the Valdai Club held an expert discussion marking the thirtieth anniversary of the UN General Assembly’s adoption of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Discussion moderator Ivan Timofeev described the CTBT regime as a major achievement of international law but noted that not all signatory nations have ratified the treaty, resulting in an ambiguous status regarding its implementation. In practice, major nuclear powers have not yet fully…

